Learning Objectives
After completing these activities, your child will be able to:
- Identify push and pull forces affecting toy car movement
- Measure and compare distances using standard units
- Make predictions about car movement based on surface type and slope
- Record and interpret simple data from experiments
- Connect physics concepts to everyday experiences
What You’ll Need
Basic Materials
- 3-4 toy cars of similar size (Hot Wheels or Matchbox style)
- Flat wooden board or sturdy cardboard (at least 1 meter long)
- Metric ruler or measuring tape
- Stopwatch (phone timer works well)
- Masking tape
- Paper and pencil for recording results
Optional Materials
- Building blocks or books for creating ramps
- Different surface materials (carpet, sandpaper, aluminium foil)
- Kitchen scale (for weighing cars)
- Smartphone with slow-motion camera feature
Understanding Forces: The Basics
Before we dive into our experiments, let’s break down some key concepts in child-friendly terms.
Push and Pull
Every movement starts with a force – either a push or a pull. When we release a car down a ramp, gravity pulls it downward. When we push a car across the floor, we’re applying a pushing force. These forces make our cars move, stop, or change direction.
Friction: The Invisible Force
Friction is like an invisible brake pad that slows things down. It’s created when two surfaces rub against each other. This is why cars travel different distances on carpet versus wooden floors!
Experiment 1: Distance Challenge
Setup
- Create a “starting line” using masking tape
- Mark measurement points every 20cm up to 1 meter
- Make a simple data recording sheet with columns for:
- Car name/number
- Surface type
- Distance travelled
- Time taken
Instructions
- Choose your test surface
- Clear a flat area on a hard floor
- Ensure there are no obstacles in the car’s path
- Mark your starting line with tape
- Prepare for measurement
- Position your ruler or measuring tape alongside the test area
- Have your recording sheet ready
- Set up your timer
- Conduct the experiment
- Place the car at the starting line
- Give it a gentle push (try to use the same force each time)
- Mark where it stops with a piece of tape
- Measure and record the distance
- Repeat and compare
- Test each car three times
- Calculate the average distance for each car
- Discuss why results might be different
Safety Notes
- Keep testing area clear of obstacles
- Ensure children don’t run after moving cars
- Maintain a safe distance from other experimenters
Experiment 2: Ramp Races
Setup
- Create a ramp using the wooden board
- Prop one end up using books
- Measure and record the height
- Secure the ramp so it doesn’t slip
- Prepare measurement tools
- Place measuring tape along the floor
- Mark different distance points
- Set up timing device
Instructions
- Test different ramp heights
- Start with a 10cm height
- Release (don’t push) the car from the top
- Record distance and time
- Repeat with 20cm and 30cm heights
- Compare results
- Record data in a table
- Look for patterns
- Discuss why height affects speed and distance
Safety Notes
- Ensure ramp is stable before use
- Keep fingers away from the bottom of the ramp
- Don’t stack books too high
Common Challenges and Solutions
Challenge 1: Inconsistent Results
Solution: Mark a specific release point on your ramp and practice releasing cars without pushing. Use a block with a notch cut in it as a release guide.
Challenge 2: Cars Veering Off Course
Solution: Check that your testing surface is level. Clean car wheels and axles. Mark straight guide lines with tape.
Challenge 3: Difficulty Measuring Fast Cars
Solution: Use video recording and slow-motion playback to observe movement. Work in teams with one person timing and another watching distance.
Taking It Further
Extension Activities
- Test different surfaces
- Add weight to cars (using blu-tack or plasticine)
- Create obstacle courses
- Measure and compare car weights
- Design “fairness testing” experiments
Recommended Resources
Australian Resources
- Cool Australia – Teaching resources and lesson plans
- Science Kids – Interactive science experiments
- Primary Connections – Australian Academy of Science resources
International Resources
Conclusion
Through these toy car experiments, children develop their understanding of fundamental physics concepts while having fun. They learn to:
- Make predictions based on evidence
- Measure and record data accurately
- Identify patterns in their results
- Connect scientific concepts to everyday life
Remember, the goal is to foster curiosity and scientific thinking. Encourage questions, make predictions, and don’t worry if things don’t work perfectly every time – that’s all part of the scientific process!